В США (!) выделили возбудитель у 81%, из них 66% — вирусы.
Антибиотики получали 88% от всех.
Правда, спектр пока нельзя переносить полностью на Россию — у американцев было 90% вакцинированных от пневмококка (http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1405870).
Respiratory viruses were the most common pathogens among U.S. children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in 2010-2012, according to a New England Journal of Medicine study. Researchers studied nearly 2400 children with radiographic evidence of pneumonia at hospitals in three U.S. cities. Most were younger than 5 years and had at least one underlying condition, such as asthma (33%) or prematurity (21%). About 20% of patients required ICU stays. A pathogen was isolated in 81% of patients: viruses in 66%, bacteria in 8%, and both in 7%. Respiratory syncytial virus (28%) and rhinovirus (27%) were the most commonly detected viruses. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was identified in 8% of children, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 4%, and Staphylococcus aureus in 1%. Only 30% of eligible children had received influenza vaccine. Nearly 90% of children aged 19 months to 12 years had received at least three doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Although viruses were overwhelmingly implicated, 88% of children received antibiotics. Aggressive efforts and improved diagnostics to identify viral etiologies in children with pneumonia will curb unnecessary antibiotic use.)
Василий Власов
